Pulmonary Veins: Anatomy, Electrophysiology, Tachycardia

There is some experimental indication to suggest that the electrical properties of the PVs may be modulated by changes in autonomic tone.
In a tooth theory of “focal” AF induced by high ratio electrical activity to the PVs, atropine abolished arrhythmia inducibility whereas β-blockers had a less dramatic belief.
Furthermore, the clinical development of vagally-mediated paroxysmal AF occurs in a patient-type in whom the PVs may have a allele role (young, structurally normal hearts). Anatomic studies have revealed that the LA and PVs are innervated by adrenergic and cholinergic courageousness fibers.
Protective cover and colleagues identified a request of ganglia situated on the nates wall of the LA between the battler PVs.
This is a part of article Pulmonary Veins: Anatomy, Electrophysiology, Tachycardia Taken from "Atropisol - Atropine Information" Information Blog